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Spell any name, email, or code as Alfa, Bravo, Charlie in 6 styles, decode NATO words back to text, and hear them read aloud. Then test yourself in Practice mode.
Sending it by radio light or sound? Try the Morse Code Generator or browse the Text tools.
Last updated: October 5, 2026 · Published: 2026-04-09 · Updated: 2026-10-05
10 characters to spell
NATO words
Sierra Mike India Tango Hotel / Kilo Seven Quebec X-ray Two
All 6 ways to spell it
The NATO phonetic alphabet is a set of 26 code words, from Alfa for A to Zulu for Z, used to spell letters clearly over radio and phone, where B, D, and P or M and N are easy to mishear. Its official name is the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and aviation calls it the ICAO spelling alphabet.
The words were chosen to be understood by speakers of English, French, and Spanish, after hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests with speakers from 31 nations. The final version took effect on March 1, 1956, and pilots, air traffic control, the military, emergency services, and customer support still use it unchanged.
Type what you need to spell
Enter a name, email address, booking reference, postcode, or call sign. Each letter, digit, and symbol is spelled as you type.
Pick a style
Choose from 6 styles, including plain code words, A as in Alfa for the phone, ICAO pronunciation, and the US police and WWII alphabets. Switch between Alfa and Alpha, or turn on radio numbers.
Copy it, hear it, or practise
Copy one style or all of them, press Listen to hear the code words, or switch to Practice to test yourself.
The official ICAO spellings with ICAO’s respelled pronunciation, stressed syllables in capitals. Morse code is included for reference.
| Letter | Code word | Say it | Morse code |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Alfa | AL fah | .- |
| B | Bravo | BRAH voh | -... |
| C | Charlie | CHAR lee | -.-. |
| D | Delta | DELL tah | -.. |
| E | Echo | ECK oh | . |
| F | Foxtrot | FOKS trot | ..-. |
| G | Golf | GOLF | --. |
| H | Hotel | hoh TELL | .... |
| I | India | IN dee ah | .. |
| J | Juliett | JEW lee ETT | .--- |
| K | Kilo | KEY loh | -.- |
| L | Lima | LEE mah | .-.. |
| M | Mike | MIKE | -- |
| N | November | no VEM ber | -. |
| O | Oscar | OSS cah | --- |
| P | Papa | pah PAH | .--. |
| Q | Quebec | keh BECK | --.- |
| R | Romeo | ROW me oh | .-. |
| S | Sierra | see AIR rah | ... |
| T | Tango | TANG go | - |
| U | Uniform | YOU nee form | ..- |
| V | Victor | VIK tah | ...- |
| W | Whiskey | WISS key | .-- |
| X | X-ray | ECKS ray | -..- |
| Y | Yankee | YANG key | -.-- |
| Z | Zulu | ZOO loo | --.. |
Digits use their English names, but ICAO changes how 3, 4, 5, and 9 are said so they can’t be confused. Ships use a different set of number words from the ITU and the International Maritime Organization.
| Digit | Word | ICAO says | Maritime (ITU/IMO) | Morse code |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Zero | ZE-RO | Nadazero | ----- |
| 1 | One | WUN | Unaone | .---- |
| 2 | Two | TOO | Bissotwo | ..--- |
| 3 | Three | TREE | Terrathree | ...-- |
| 4 | Four | FOW-er | Kartefour | ....- |
| 5 | Five | FIFE | Pantafive | ..... |
| 6 | Six | SIX | Soxisix | -.... |
| 7 | Seven | SEV-en | Setteseven | --... |
| 8 | Eight | AIT | Oktoeight | ---.. |
| 9 | Nine | NIN-er | Novenine | ----. |
| — | Decimal | DAY-SEE-MAL | The decimal point, as in one one eight decimal one | |
| — | Hundred | HUN-dred | Whole hundreds in altitudes, cloud heights, and visibility | |
| — | Thousand | TOU-SAND | Whole thousands in the same readings | |
ICAO reads each digit separately. Only altitudes, cloud heights, visibility, and runway visual range in whole hundreds or thousands use the words hundred and thousand.
| Number | Said as |
|---|---|
| Altitude 2,500 feet | two thousand fife hundred |
| Altitude 11,000 feet | one one thousand |
| Transponder code 7700 | seven seven zero zero |
| Frequency 118.1 | one one eight decimal one |
| Heading 090 | zero niner zero |
| Flight level 350 | tree fife zero |
Real examples, spelled by the generator above. Use the code words on the radio, and A as in Alfa on the phone with people who may not know the alphabet.
| Example | Text | NATO, radio numbers | US police |
|---|---|---|---|
| Surname | Smith | Sierra Mike India Tango Hotel | Sam Mary Ida Tom Henry |
| Email address | jo.lee@mail.com | Juliett Oscar Dot Lima Echo Echo At Mike Alfa India Lima Dot Charlie Oscar Mike | John Ocean Dot Lincoln Edward Edward At Mary Adam Ida Lincoln Dot Charles Ocean Mary |
| Booking reference | K7QX2B | Kilo Seven Quebec X-ray Two Bravo | King Seven Queen X-ray Two Boy |
| UK postcode (Buckingham Palace) | SW1A 1AA | Sierra Whiskey One Alfa / One Alfa Alfa | Sam William One Adam / One Adam Adam |
| US aircraft registration | N123AB | November One Two Tree Alfa Bravo | Nora One Two Three Adam Boy |
| License plate | 8QXG518 | Eight Quebec X-ray Golf Fife One Eight | Eight Queen X-ray George Five One Eight |
"Hi 5" in each style the generator offers.
| Style | Hi 5 | Use it for |
|---|---|---|
| NATO words | Hotel India / Fife | The code words on their own, for radio and quick spelling. |
| A as in Alfa | H as in Hotel, I as in India / Fife | Letter and code word together, the clearest way to spell on the phone. |
| Pronunciation | hoh TELL · IN dee ah / FIFE | ICAO's respelling, with the stressed syllables in capitals. |
| One per line | H — Hotel i — India (space) 5 — Fife | A letter and its code word on each line, for notes and print. |
| US police (LAPD) | Henry Ida / Five | Adam, Boy, Charles: the APCO alphabet many US police still use. |
| WWII (Able Baker) | How Item / Five | The US and UK military alphabet used from 1943 until 1956. |
There is no official list for most symbols, so the generator uses the plain names people understand. Military radio uses stop for a full stop and slant for a slash.
Many US police departments still use the APCO alphabet, shown here as used by the LAPD; some agencies swap in words such as Yellow for Y or Nancy for N. Able Baker is the US and UK military alphabet from World War II, which is where radio’s Roger, meaning received, comes from.
| Letter | NATO (1956) | US police (APCO) | WWII (Able Baker) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Alfa | Adam | Able |
| B | Bravo | Boy | Baker |
| C | Charlie | Charles | Charlie |
| D | Delta | David | Dog |
| E | Echo | Edward | Easy |
| F | Foxtrot | Frank | Fox |
| G | Golf | George | George |
| H | Hotel | Henry | How |
| I | India | Ida | Item |
| J | Juliett | John | Jig |
| K | Kilo | King | King |
| L | Lima | Lincoln | Love |
| M | Mike | Mary | Mike |
| N | November | Nora | Nan |
| O | Oscar | Ocean | Oboe |
| P | Papa | Paul | Peter |
| Q | Quebec | Queen | Queen |
| R | Romeo | Robert | Roger |
| S | Sierra | Sam | Sugar |
| T | Tango | Tom | Tare |
| U | Uniform | Union | Uncle |
| V | Victor | Victor | Victor |
| W | Whiskey | William | William |
| X | X-ray | X-ray | X-ray |
| Y | Yankee | Young | Yoke |
| Z | Zulu | Zebra | Zebra |
The alphabet is the same worldwide, but a few places swap a word to avoid local confusion.
It took three decades and several alphabets to settle on Alfa to Zulu. In the last round of changes, Coca became Charlie, Metro became Mike, Nectar became November, Union became Uniform, Extra became X-ray.
| When | What happened |
|---|---|
| 1927 | The first internationally recognized spelling alphabet is adopted, using place names such as Amsterdam, Baltimore, and Canada. It is revised in 1932. |
| 1941 | The US armed forces adopt the Joint Army/Navy alphabet, known as Able Baker after its words for A and B. |
| 1943 | The US and UK adapt it into a shared alphabet so their forces and Australia's can talk during joint operations. |
| 1946 | ICAO adopts the Able Baker alphabet for international aviation, but many of its sounds exist only in English, so Latin America uses a separate alphabet. |
| 1948–1949 | Linguist Jean-Paul Vinay of the Université de Montréal works with ICAO on words that are similar in English, French, and Spanish. |
| November 1, 1951 | A new alphabet starting Alfa, Bravo, Coca comes into effect for civil aviation. |
| 1952–1955 | ICAO retests the alphabet with speakers from 31 nations. Five words are replaced, and a recording goes to member states in November 1955. |
| March 1, 1956 | The final alphabet takes effect for ICAO and NATO. It has not changed since. |
| 1959 | By this year the ITU requires it in its Radio Regulations, making it the standard for all radio services. |
| 1974 | APCO, the US public safety communications association, adopts the international alphabet, though many police departments keep Adam, Boy, Charles. |
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